What the number means.
Sand Rating runs from 1.00 to 8.00: Novice, B, BB, A, AA, Open, and Pro. Underneath is a three-part rating state—strength, uncertainty, and volatility—maintained separately by discipline.
Doubles is not two singles ratings.
Team strength weights the weaker partner more heavily, because that better matches how sideout pressure and targeting shape beach volleyball. Stable partnership chemistry appears only after enough shared matches to separate signal from luck.
Evidence changes the weight, never the story.
Assigned live scoring and desk-officiated results carry full weight. Both-team confirmation, silent acceptance, self-report, imports, and group-confirmed pickup carry transparent lower weights. Forfeits affect standings and never ratings.
Anti-gaming is conservative.
Repeat opponents decay, weekly display gains are capped, and disputed matches freeze. Integrity detectors create human-review cases; they do not punish players automatically.